Category: Trade

International trade traditionally depends on money, credit, and formal payment systems. Yet businesses frequently possess goods they cannot easily sell while simultaneously purchasing other goods they need. A manufacturer may have surplus…

Global trade is usually organized around new products, standardized components, and established supply chains. Yet a substantial opportunity exists in a less visible market: spare parts that are no longer manufactured but…

Global trade is entering a period in which digital technologies could fundamentally change how countries identify demand, negotiate contracts, move goods, and manage commercial risks. Traditional trade depends heavily on intermediaries, fragmented…

International trade operates through an enormous network of rules. Products crossing borders may be subject to customs classifications, tariffs, certificates of origin, product standards, labelling requirements, safety regulations, sanctions and documentation requirements….

International trade does not begin at a port. It begins inside a factory, warehouse or farm, where a product is manufactured, processed, packaged and prepared for a customer in another country. Between…

International trade is built on the movement of goods, but modern trade also depends on the movement of information. An exporter needs to communicate with a buyer, prepare commercial documents, obtain certificates,…

India’s agricultural and processed food exports are entering a more diversified phase as Indian producers look beyond traditional markets. Rice, spices, marine products, fruits, vegetables, processed foods and other agricultural products are…

India’s commercial relationship with Africa is increasingly extending beyond traditional areas such as commodities and basic consumer goods. Pharmaceuticals, engineering products, automobiles, agricultural machinery, digital services and other manufactured goods are creating…

India’s next phase of export growth may depend increasingly on companies that are much smaller than the country’s major industrial groups. Thousands of medium and small manufacturers already produce machinery, engineering components,…

India’s maritime trade is entering a phase in which the largest ports may no longer be the only centres of attention. As the country looks to move more cargo by sea, smaller…